Pigment spots
Dr. Wu's analysis
What are pigment spots?
Pigmentation spots are areas in the skin where the pigment, or melanin, is unevenly distributed. This results in visible color differences, which can range from dark brown to black spots or lighter spots.
- Pheomelanin (yellow-red): Reacts more strongly to light and offers less protection. Lighter skin types (Fitzpatrick I & II) produce more pheomelanin, which increases the risk of burning.
- Eumelanin (brown-black): Provides natural protection against UV radiation. Dark skin types (Fitzpatrick III-VI) have more eumelanin, which provides better UV protection and an even pigment distribution.
What causes pigmentation spots?
Pigmentation spots occur when external influences disrupt the production and distribution of melanin (the substance that determines skin color). These factors work together and influence the formation and distribution of melanin in the skin, resulting in the development of pigmentation spots, regardless of whether someone is genetically predisposed to it. Below is an overview of the main causes:
Who is susceptible to pigment spots?
Pigmentation spots can occur in anyone, but certain factors increase the chance of their occurrence.
- Light skin (Fitzpatrick I-II): Burns quickly, hardly tans. Sensitive to sunspots, but less chance of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).
- Moderate skin (Fitzpatrick III-IV): Tans gradually to well, rarely burns. Risk of both sunspots and PIH.
- Dark skin (Fitzpatrick V-VI): Tans quickly, hardly burns. Higher chance of hyperpigmentation after acne, wounds, or irritation.
Video: Dark pigment spots on the skin
How do you recognize and distinguish pigmentation spots?
How can you recognize pigment spots?
Which skin problems resemble pigmentation spots?
Some skin problems may resemble pigmentation spots, but require a different cause and approach. To determine the difference between pigmentation spots and other skin problems, a skin analysis is necessary.
What types of pigment spots are there?
Various forms of pigmentation and their causes
How do you effectively treat pigment spots?
What can I do about it myself?
A good basic care is essential if you suffer from pigmentation spots. By following a consistent skin routine, you prevent worsening and support an even complexion.
What treatments are there?
The choice of treatment depends on the cause and depth of the pigmentation spots. A combination of sun protection, active ingredients, and professional treatments offers the best results.
Glutathione can regulate melanin production and brighten the skin. A study indicates that oral glutathione can lighten skin tone, but long-term effects and safety are still unclear.
What should you avoid with pigmentation spots?
With pigmentation spots, it is important to avoid certain habits and products, as these can worsen the spots or make the skin more sensitive. Preventing and treating pigmentation spots requires a thoughtful approach. Protection, gentle care, and the right treatments help to keep the skin smooth and healthy.
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🛈 These products are cosmetic and intended for the care of healthy, sensitive or unbalanced skin. They are not intended as a medical treatment or to replace professional medical advice. For personalized skin advice, we recommend consulting a skin therapist or doctor.
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Tips when you have pigmentation spots
A German study found that people from the Ruhr area (metropolitan area), who were highly exposed to nitrogen dioxide, suffered more from pigmentation spots than people from the countryside (around Borken). These discolorations were especially visible on the cheeks. It also turned out that the test subjects, who were exposed to more (10 µg/m3) nitrogen dioxide, had significantly more lentigines. As much as 20% to even 35% more pigmentation spots were visible on them.
Regularly cleaning your skin can reduce unwanted pigmentation spots.
A randomized, placebo-controlled study from 2012 investigated the effect of 500 mg of glutathione per day for 4 weeks in 60 volunteers. The participants got a lighter skin color on the face and forearms. Although glutathione is considered safe as a supplement, more research is needed on the long-term effects.
Food sources of glutathione include fruit, vegetables, and meat.
In a double-blind, randomized study, 40 people with melasma were followed for 3 months. The participants were divided into two groups: one group used a placebo, SPF50+ sun protection and a 4% hydroquinone cream, while the other group used 480 mg of PLE extract twice a day, along with the same sun protection and cream. After 3 months, it turned out that the group that only used PLE achieved significantly better results than the group that received the placebo.
In addition, visible light, especially blue and green light, plays a role in the formation of pigment spots. Iron oxide helps block these light waves, thus reducing the risk of pigmentation.
For the best protection, choose a sunscreen that contains a combination of these mineral filters, so that your skin is protected against both UV radiation and harmful visible light.